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Blepharitis: Inflammation of the Eyelid Margin

Blepharitis is a chronic eye condition that causes inflammation of the eyelid margin. Common symptoms include redness, itching, burning, and a sensation of a foreign object in the eye. While it can affect people of any age, it's more prevalent in adults.

Causes

The exact cause of blepharitis is unknown, but contributing factors include:

Bacterial or fungal infections

Seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff-like skin condition)

Meibomian gland dysfunction (disorders of the oil-producing glands in the eyelids)

Allergies to pollen, dust, or makeup

Skin conditions such as rosacea

Types of Blepharitis

There are two main types of blepharitis:

Anterior blepharitis: Inflammation of the front part of the eyelid margin

Posterior blepharitis: Inflammation of the oil glands within the eyelid

Symptoms

Symptoms may vary but often include:

Redness and swelling of the eyelid margin

Itching and burning of the eyes

Feeling like there's something in the eye

Crusty eyelids

Stuck-together eyelashes upon waking

Blurred vision

Light sensitivity

Diagnosis

An ophthalmologist will diagnose blepharitis through a comprehensive eye examination. Additional tests, such as eyelid cultures or blood tests, may be performed to determine the underlying cause.

Treatment

Treatment options for blepharitis depend on the cause. Common treatments include:

Cleaning the eyelids with a baby shampoo solution or medicated cleansers

Warm compresses to help drain the oil glands

Anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids

Antibiotics for bacterial infections

Anti-allergy medications

Prevention

To prevent or reduce the severity of blepharitis, consider the following:

Clean your eyelids daily with a mild cleanser

Avoid rubbing your eyes

Use contact lenses according to your eye doctor's instructions

Manage underlying conditions such as skin disorders or allergies

Blepharitis is often a chronic condition that may require long-term management. If you experience symptoms of blepharitis, consult an ophthalmologist for proper diagnosis and treatment.