Vitrectomy is a complex and specialized eye surgery performed to treat a wide range of retinal and vitreous diseases. During this procedure, the vitreous humor (the clear gel-like substance that fills the inside of the eye) is removed and replaced with a sterile saline solution. This allows the surgeon to easily access the retina and address any underlying issues.

 

Vitrectomy is performed to treat various conditions, including:

 

Retinal detachment: When the retina becomes separated from the underlying layers.

Intraocular hemorrhage: Especially in individuals with diabetes or eye injuries.

Intraocular tumors: Tumors growing inside the eye.

Intraocular infections: Infections that spread to the inner parts of the eye.

Retinal tears: When a tear occurs in the retina.

Inflammatory eye diseases: Certain inflammatory eye diseases that damage the retina.

 

Vitrectomy is usually performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia. The general steps involved are:

 

Creating a small incision: The surgeon makes a small incision in the white part of the eye.

Removing the vitreous: Using a specialized instrument, the vitreous is removed from the eye.

Addressing the underlying issue: The surgeon uses microscopic instruments to address the primary eye problem, such as a retinal tear or tumor.

Injecting gas or silicone: After addressing the issue, the created cavity is filled with medical gas or silicone to hold the retina in place.

Closing the incision: The incision made at the beginning of the surgery is closed.

 

Improved vision: In many cases, vitrectomy can improve vision or prevent it from worsening.

Stopping disease progression: This surgery can prevent the progression of eye diseases such as retinal detachment.

Treating various eye problems: Vitrectomy can be used to treat a wide range of eye conditions.

 

As with any surgery, vitrectomy may be associated with certain complications. Some common complications include:

 

Infection: There is a risk of infection after any surgery.

Bleeding: There is a possibility of bleeding inside the eye.

Cataracts: You may develop cataracts after surgery.

Increased intraocular pressure: Increased pressure inside the eye is another possible complication.

 

After vitrectomy, your doctor will provide you with instructions on how to care for your eye. These instructions may include using eye drops, avoiding strenuous activities, and adhering to certain restrictions.