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Ptosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Ptosis is a condition where the upper eyelid droops, covering part of the pupil. This can occur in one or both eyes, and can lead to reduced vision, eye strain, and a tired or aged appearance.
 
Causes of Ptosis
Ptosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
 
Aging: As we age, the muscles and tissues around the eyelid weaken, causing the eyelid to droop.
Genetics: Some people are genetically predisposed to developing ptosis.
Neurological disorders: Conditions such as myasthenia gravis, Bell's palsy, and certain brain tumors can cause eyelid drooping.
Eye or eyelid injuries: Trauma to the eye or eyelid can damage the muscles controlling the eyelid, leading to drooping.
Congenital conditions: In some cases, ptosis is present at birth due to an underdeveloped muscle that lifts the eyelid.
 
Symptoms of Ptosis
Symptoms of ptosis include:
 
Drooping upper eyelid: The upper eyelid is lower than normal.
Reduced field of vision: The drooping eyelid can block part of your field of vision.
Eye strain: Constantly trying to keep a droopy eyelid open can cause eye strain.
Double vision: In severe cases, ptosis can cause double vision.
Heavy feeling in the eyelid: You may feel a heaviness in the eyelid and find it difficult to lift.
 
Diagnosis of Ptosis
To diagnose ptosis, an ophthalmologist will carefully examine your eyes and ask about your symptoms. They may also order additional tests, such as blood tests, MRI, or CT scans, to determine the underlying cause of the ptosis.
 
Treatment of Ptosis
Treatment for ptosis depends on the cause and severity. In some cases, treating the underlying condition can improve ptosis. However, in most cases, surgery is the best way to correct ptosis.
 
Blepharoplasty
Blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure to correct ptosis and improve the appearance and function of the eye. During surgery, the surgeon removes excess skin and weak muscle from the eyelid and strengthens the eyelid-lifting muscle.
 
Benefits of blepharoplasty:
 
Improved appearance: Eyelid surgery can make your eyes look younger and more alert.
Corrected vision problems: By relieving pressure on the eyelid, your field of vision can improve.
Reduced eye strain: Strengthening the eyelid muscles can reduce eye strain.
Increased self-confidence: An improved appearance can boost your self-confidence.
 
Types of blepharoplasty:
 
Upper blepharoplasty: This procedure removes excess skin and fat from the upper eyelid.
Lower blepharoplasty: This procedure removes excess skin and fat from the lower eyelid.
Combined blepharoplasty: This procedure addresses both the upper and lower eyelids.
 
Post-surgery care:
After surgery, your doctor will provide instructions for caring for your eyes. These instructions typically include using eye drops, avoiding strenuous activity, and protecting your eyes from sunlight. If you or someone you know has ptosis, it is important to see an ophthalmologist for diagnosis and treatment.
 
 
World Hepatitis Day 2024

A Silent Threat, It Is Time to Action

A Silent Threat, It's Time to Action - World Hepatitis Day 2024

The World Health Organization has designated July 28th as World Hepatitis Day to raise awareness about this disease, encourage vaccination, promote early diagnosis, and facilitate effective treatment for hepatitis. Early detection of hepatitis is crucial as prompt treatment can prevent the disease from progressing to cirrhosis or liver cancer.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated July 28th as World Hepatitis Day to raise global awareness about hepatitis, a group of infectious liver diseases. The day aims to encourage vaccination, promote early diagnosis, and facilitate effective treatment.
Early detection of hepatitis is crucial as prompt treatment can prevent the disease from progressing to cirrhosis or liver cancer. The ultimate goal is to reduce new hepatitis cases by 90% and hepatitis-related deaths by 65% by 2030. Reflecting this ambition, the WHO's slogan for 2024 is "It's time to action."
 
What is Hepatitis?
Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver. This inflammation can be caused by viruses, chemicals, medications, or certain autoimmune diseases. The most common types of hepatitis are viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis A, B, and C viruses.
 
Consequences of Hepatitis
The widespread prevalence of hepatitis can impose a significant economic burden on governments and communities. The high costs associated with treatment and the decreased productivity of the workforce can negatively impact a country's economic growth. Furthermore, individuals living with hepatitis may face long-term health problems and a reduced quality of life.
 
Transmission of Hepatitis
Hepatitis A: Transmitted through contaminated food or water, or direct contact with an infected person.
Hepatitis B: Transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids, such as unprotected sex or sharing needles.
Hepatitis C: Primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood, such as injecting drugs with contaminated needles or receiving contaminated blood products.
 
Symptoms of Hepatitis
While symptoms can vary, common signs of hepatitis include:
Extreme fatigue
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Dark urine
Pale stools
 
Prevention and Treatment
To combat hepatitis:
Vaccination: Effective vaccines are available for hepatitis A and B.
Testing: Regular testing for early detection.
Safe behaviors: Practicing good hygiene, using condoms, and avoiding sharing needles.
Education: Raising public awareness.
Support: Providing support for those living with hepatitis.
Treatment for hepatitis depends on the specific virus and stage of the disease. While some cases resolve on their own, antiviral medications are available for hepatitis B and C.
 
Conclusion
Despite the challenges, the future of the fight against hepatitis is promising. Advancements in diagnosis, treatment, the development of new vaccines, and increased public awareness are all contributing to improving the lives of those affected by hepatitis. With global cooperation and investment, we can significantly reduce the burden of hepatitis by 2030.
 
who.int
cdc.gov
 
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