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Endophthalmitis: A Vision-Threatening Infection
Endophthalmitis is a serious eye infection that inflames and infects the inner parts of the eye, especially the vitreous humor, a clear jelly-like substance. This infection is typically caused by bacteria or fungi entering the eye and can rapidly lead to vision loss.
 
Causes of Endophthalmitis
 
Eye surgery: The most common cause of endophthalmitis is post-operative infection following eye surgeries such as cataract surgery or retinal surgery.
Trauma: Eye injuries, such as corneal lacerations or penetrating eye injuries, can introduce bacteria or fungi into the eye, leading to endophthalmitis.
Spread of infection from other parts of the body: In some cases, infections from other parts of the body, like the sinuses or teeth, can spread to the eye.
 
Symptoms of Endophthalmitis
Symptoms of endophthalmitis usually appear rapidly and include:
 
Severe eye pain: The pain is often severe and constant and may be accompanied by light sensitivity.
Redness of the eye: The white part of the eye and the conjunctiva (the thin clear layer covering the white of the eye) become red and inflamed.
Blurred vision: Vision decreases rapidly and may be lost completely.
Changes in pupil appearance: The pupil may become enlarged or small and may not react to light.
Pus-like discharge: A pus-like discharge may come from the eye.
 
Complications of Endophthalmitis
If endophthalmitis is not diagnosed and treated promptly, it can lead to serious complications such as:
 
Complete vision loss: In severe cases, endophthalmitis can cause complete blindness.
Cataracts: The infection can cause cataracts to form.
Retinal detachment: The infection can cause the retina to detach from the back of the eye.
 
Diagnosing Endophthalmitis
Endophthalmitis is diagnosed based on symptoms, a comprehensive eye examination, and diagnostic tests such as:
 
Examining a sample of fluid from the eye: To identify the type of microorganism causing the infection.
Eye imaging: To assess the severity of the infection and examine any damage to the eye.
 
Treating Endophthalmitis
Treatment for endophthalmitis typically involves:
 
Antibiotics or antifungal medications: To kill the microorganism causing the infection.
Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected parts of the eye and drain pus.
Supportive care: Such as pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications.
 
Preventing Endophthalmitis
To prevent endophthalmitis, it is important to:
 
Sterilize medical equipment: All equipment used during eye surgery must be thoroughly sterilized.
Maintain good hygiene: After eye surgery, it is important to maintain good personal hygiene and avoid touching the eye.
Treat eye infections promptly: Any eye infection should be diagnosed and treated promptly.
Endophthalmitis is a medical emergency. If you experience any symptoms of endophthalmitis, seek immediate medical attention from an ophthalmologist. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious complications and vision loss.
 
 
World Hepatitis Day 2024

A Silent Threat, It Is Time to Action

  • Jul 28 2024 - 16:03
  • - Number of visits: 126
A Silent Threat, It's Time to Action - World Hepatitis Day 2024

The World Health Organization has designated July 28th as World Hepatitis Day to raise awareness about this disease, encourage vaccination, promote early diagnosis, and facilitate effective treatment for hepatitis. Early detection of hepatitis is crucial as prompt treatment can prevent the disease from progressing to cirrhosis or liver cancer.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated July 28th as World Hepatitis Day to raise global awareness about hepatitis, a group of infectious liver diseases. The day aims to encourage vaccination, promote early diagnosis, and facilitate effective treatment.
Early detection of hepatitis is crucial as prompt treatment can prevent the disease from progressing to cirrhosis or liver cancer. The ultimate goal is to reduce new hepatitis cases by 90% and hepatitis-related deaths by 65% by 2030. Reflecting this ambition, the WHO's slogan for 2024 is "It's time to action."
 
What is Hepatitis?
Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver. This inflammation can be caused by viruses, chemicals, medications, or certain autoimmune diseases. The most common types of hepatitis are viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis A, B, and C viruses.
 
Consequences of Hepatitis
The widespread prevalence of hepatitis can impose a significant economic burden on governments and communities. The high costs associated with treatment and the decreased productivity of the workforce can negatively impact a country's economic growth. Furthermore, individuals living with hepatitis may face long-term health problems and a reduced quality of life.
 
Transmission of Hepatitis
Hepatitis A: Transmitted through contaminated food or water, or direct contact with an infected person.
Hepatitis B: Transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids, such as unprotected sex or sharing needles.
Hepatitis C: Primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood, such as injecting drugs with contaminated needles or receiving contaminated blood products.
 
Symptoms of Hepatitis
While symptoms can vary, common signs of hepatitis include:
Extreme fatigue
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Dark urine
Pale stools
 
Prevention and Treatment
To combat hepatitis:
Vaccination: Effective vaccines are available for hepatitis A and B.
Testing: Regular testing for early detection.
Safe behaviors: Practicing good hygiene, using condoms, and avoiding sharing needles.
Education: Raising public awareness.
Support: Providing support for those living with hepatitis.
Treatment for hepatitis depends on the specific virus and stage of the disease. While some cases resolve on their own, antiviral medications are available for hepatitis B and C.
 
Conclusion
Despite the challenges, the future of the fight against hepatitis is promising. Advancements in diagnosis, treatment, the development of new vaccines, and increased public awareness are all contributing to improving the lives of those affected by hepatitis. With global cooperation and investment, we can significantly reduce the burden of hepatitis by 2030.
 
who.int
cdc.gov
 
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